高中英語學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)報_句子的種類英語基礎(chǔ)語法匯總
) 表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)突出等詞語的目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句。在倒裝句中，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。讓我們一起學(xué)習(xí)倒裝句吧!以下是小編為大家編輯
子的種類
(一)按使用目的可分為陳述句疑問句祈使句和嘆息句。
陳述句(Declarative Sentences)：說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲速率快。 (說明事實)
The film is rather boring. 這部影戲很乏味。
(說明看法)
疑問句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出問題。有以下四種：
a. 一樣平常疑問句(General Questions)：
Can you finish the work in time?
你能準(zhǔn)時完成事情嗎?
b. 特殊疑問句(W Questions; H Questions)：
Where do you live? 你住那兒?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 選擇疑問句(Alternative Questions)：
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶照樣要咖啡?
d. 反意疑問句(Tag-Questions)：
He doesn't know her, does he?
他不熟悉她，對紕謬?
祈使句(Imperative Sentences)：提出請求，建議或發(fā)出下令，例如：
Sit down, please. 請坐。
Don't be nervous! 別主要!
嘆息句(Exclamatory Sentences)：示意語言人驚訝喜悅氣忿等情緒，例如：
What good news it is! 多好的新聞啊!
(二)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類：
簡樸句(Simple Sentences)：只包羅一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡樸句，例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜歡集郵。
(主) (謂)
并列句(Compound Sentences)：包羅兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來毗鄰，例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (謂) (主)(謂)
食物很優(yōu)美，但他卻沒什么胃口。
復(fù)合句(Complex Sentences)：包羅一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由隸屬連詞指導(dǎo)，例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
主句 從句
我們到達(dá)影戲院的時刻，影戲已經(jīng)開演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)：英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合擴(kuò)展轉(zhuǎn)變而來的：
主 + 動(SV)例如：
I work. 我事情。
主 + 動 + 表(SVP)例如：
John is busy. 約翰忙。
主 + 動 + 賓(SVO)例如：
She studies English. 她學(xué)英語。
主 + 動 + 賓 + 補(bǔ)(SVOC)例如：
Time would prove me right. 時間會證實我是對的。
主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓(SVOiOd)例如：
My mother made me a new dress. 我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。
使句結(jié)構(gòu)
祈使句用以表達(dá)下令，要求，請求，勸告等。
祈使句有兩種類型，一種是以動詞真相開頭，在動詞真相之前加do (但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)：
Don't move.
Don't be late.
第二種祈使句以let開頭。
Let 的反意疑問句
a. Let's 包羅語言者
Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b. Let us 不包羅語言者
Let us have another try，will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)：
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)
嘆息句通常有what, how指導(dǎo)，示意贊美贊嘆喜 悅等情緒。
what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞，嘆息句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了嘆息句的重點。
How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 陳述語序
How+形容詞或副詞+ 陳述語序
What +名詞+ 陳述語序
What+a+形容詞+名詞+ 陳述語序
What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 陳述語序
What+ 形容詞+不能數(shù)名詞+ 陳述語序
How clever a boy he is!
How lovely the baby is!
What noise they are making!
What a clever boy he is!
What wonderful ideas (we have)!
What cold weather it is!
嘆息句的省略形式為：
What a clever boy (he is)!
典型例題
___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
謎底D. 由于How 修飾形容詞，副詞;what修飾名詞。且food為不能數(shù)名詞，因此A，B 清掃。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名詞，因此只有D準(zhǔn)確，其句型為What + adj. +n. (不能數(shù))
___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
謎底A. weather為不能數(shù)名詞，B，D清掃。C為how + adj. 后面不應(yīng)著名詞。只有A，相符句型What +形容詞+不能數(shù)名詞。
--- _____ I had!
--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time
謎底A. 嘆息句分兩類：
What + n.+主謂部門
How + adj. / adv. / v.+主謂部門。本題屬第一種，但省略了bad，相對于 What a bad time I had! 這是個習(xí)習(xí)用語。
調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
?？嫉膹?qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 指導(dǎo)的句子。
It is (was) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部門+ that (who) + 句子其他部門。
此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的身分僅限于主語，賓語和狀語。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例題
It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
謎底C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是： It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部門 + that (who) + 主謂句?！?qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個，that和who。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部門是人，且為句子的主語時，才用 "who"，其余用that。
原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時間： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注重不用when)
強(qiáng)調(diào)地址： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
A. is B. was C. are D. were
主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致，主謂一致包括語法一致意義一致和就近一致，語法一致即謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致，意義一致就是謂語動詞要和主?
,高三地理學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)構(gòu)平時做題太馬虎 平時在面對老師布置的作業(yè)時，很多的同學(xué)都是為了交作業(yè)而做作業(yè)，根本不會過于用心的去完成。他們只是想著有作業(yè)可交就行，至于質(zhì)量就不會太過在意。認(rèn)為隨便應(yīng)付老師就好，只要到時候評講認(rèn)真聽，還是能夠?qū)W會的。于是乎，他們在做題的時候就會過于馬虎，以至于很多的題目到頭來自己還是不會。,謎底C. 考點是連詞用法。 本題易誤選為A. that. 著實本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是，去掉It be… that還應(yīng)是一個完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
It is /was +時間+ since… 其中is<---> has been was <---> had been.
用助動詞舉行強(qiáng)調(diào)
強(qiáng)調(diào)句尚有一種類型，就是用助動詞do (did，does) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。
She does like this horse. 她簡直喜歡這匹馬。
反意疑問句
陳述部門的主語是I，疑問部門要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
陳述部門的謂語是wish，疑問部門要用may +主語。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
陳述部門用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否認(rèn)寄義的詞時，疑問部門用一定寄義。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (著花), do they ?
含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部門是一定的，疑問部門用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
陳述部門有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問部門常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
陳述部門的謂語是used to 時，疑問部門用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
陳述部門有had better + v. 疑問句部門用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
陳述部門有would rather +v.，疑問部門多用 wouldn't +主語。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
陳述部門有You'd like to +v. 疑問部門用wouldn't +主語。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
陳述部門有must 的疑問句，疑問部門憑證現(xiàn)真相形而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
嘆息句中，疑問部門用be +主語。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
陳述部門由neither… nor, either… or 毗鄰的并列主語時，疑問部門憑證其現(xiàn)實邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
陳述部門主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部門主語用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
陳述部門為主語從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問部門有三種情形：
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問部門，謂語動詞憑證相近從句的謂語而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部門謂語憑證主句的謂語而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部門主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等指導(dǎo)的定語從句，疑問部門與賓語從句相對應(yīng)組成反意疑問句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
陳述部門主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部門常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時也用單數(shù)he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部門常用 need (dare ) +主語。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實義動詞時，疑問部門用助動詞do + 主語。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部門用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注重： Let's 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
陳述部門是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部門用there省略主語代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
否認(rèn)前綴不能視為否認(rèn)詞，其反意疑問句仍用否認(rèn)形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
must在表"推測"時，憑證其推測的情形來確定反意疑問句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
快速影象表
陳述部門的謂語 疑問部門
I aren't I
Wish may +主語
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 一定寄義
rarely, little等否認(rèn)
寄義的詞
ought to(一定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(didn't +主語)
used to didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主語
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語
must 憑證現(xiàn)真相形而定
嘆息句中 be +主語
Neither…nor,
either…or 毗鄰的根 據(jù)其現(xiàn)實邏輯意義而定
并列主語
指示代詞或不定代詞
everything,that, 主語用it
nothing,this
并列復(fù)合句 謂語憑證相近從句的謂語而定
定語從句,賓語從句的
主從復(fù)合句 憑證主句的謂語而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等指導(dǎo) 與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he
情態(tài)動詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語
dare, need 為實義動詞 do +主語
省去主語的祈使句 will you?
Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you?
there be 響應(yīng)的謂語動詞+there(省略主語代詞)
否認(rèn)前綴不能視為否認(rèn)詞 仍用否認(rèn)形式
must表"推測" 憑證其推測的情形來確定反意疑問句
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